What is a LASER?
It's Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. So the laser is light, but not just any light. As a difference from the flash light, the laser light is monochromatic and coherent.

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Law of Reflection
Any wave will be reflected according to the rule”the angle of incidence = the angle of reflection” by any surface with a roughness less than one wavelength but will be scattered (diffuse reflection) by any surface with a roughness greater than a few wavelength.

This is why the laser can produce light which is concentrated and powerful.

Beam Divergence
Waves emitted from any small source can be focused into a narrow beam only by an element that is many wavelengths across.

How the Laser Measures Distance?
• The Laser diode fires a light pulse,
• The focused through the optic laser pulse hits the target and reflects with defused reflection,
• The reflected laser pulse is received by the receiver,
• The Laser and receiver optics are focused and aligned, so the receiver “see” only the small spot where the laser hit the target.